I. Krishna Rao ¹, M. S. S. Rukmini ², Rudra Pratap Das ¹, P. Tirumala Rao ¹, G. Manikanta ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology, Visakhapatnam-530049, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of ECE Vignan's University Vadlamudi Guntur-522213, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Soil resistivity is measured by resistivity or induced polarization methods. In induced polarization techniques, time domain or frequency domain methods are used. The frequency range of operation is 1-10 Hz. In this paper we have designed a frequency domain induced polarization equipment for 55 v/110 V/220 v range in dc and ac. Frequency selection is done as some cardinal parts 0.1, 1.0, 0.3 and 3.0… up to 10 Hz. The collected data for each of the frequency is used to compute the percentage of frequency effect. The values are to be obtained in different kinds of soil for optimization of frequency. This instrument has wide application in demarcating types of soil/rock for pollution and disaster management studies.

Keywords

Frequency Domain, Induced Polarization, Optimized Frequency, Percent Frequency Effect, Resistivity, Time Domain

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P. Tirumala Rao ¹, S. Koteswarao Rao ², G. Manikanta ¹, S. Ravi Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Vignan's Institute of Information Technology, Visakhapatnam - 530049, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of ECE, K L University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur District - 522502, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The problem of the heart are normally monitored by ECG. ECG waveform comes in the slope of P-Q-R-Spattern. Q-R-S is the most critical part of the waveform. In this study of ECG signals and examination of different conditions, two must required parameters are Q-R-S duration and heart rate. Abnormal condition results in artificial arrhythmia in which there will be a remarkable change in these parameters. The aim of this work is to determine whether arrhythmia exist are not. Extraction of Q-R-S complex is done by Pan–Tompkins algorithm. ECG signal is made to pass through a LPF and HPF filters. There the signal is made to pass through derivation squaring, integration to compare it with a set of slopes case of abnormality are studied. Thus, the method serves as easy technique for studying cardiac abnormality.

Keywords

Abnormal, ECG Signals, High Pass Filter, Low Pass Filter, R-R Intervals, Q-R-S Pattern

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